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Rh is a smooth-spoken - livid metallic element that is extremely brooding and resistant to corroding . It is considered the rarest and most valuable precious metal in the world — well above amber or silver . The name atomic number 45 come from the Hellenic word " rhodon , " meaning rose , named for the rose - red colouring material of its salts .
Just the facts
Properties
Rhodium is one of the of the six platinum group alloy : Pt , palladium , rhodium , osmium , iridium and ruthenium . It is also classified as a imposing metal , meaning that it does not respond to oxygen easily , acts as a fantastic accelerator and is resistant to corroding and oxidation . Some vulgar characteristics of the atomic number 78 group metal admit high melting points , general non - perniciousness , and resistance to wear , oxidation and erosion , according toChemistry Libretexts .
atomic number 45 is the rare of the atomic number 78 mathematical group , only occurring up to one part per 200 million in the Earth ’s gall , fit in toChemistry Libretexts . Rh has low-spirited concentration and a gamey melting point than platinum . Rh it is unaffected by air and water up to 1,112 degrees Fahrenheit ( 600 degrees Celsius ) , according toLenntech .
Discovery
Rhodium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist William Hyde Wollaston shortly after he had discovered the element palladium . Wollaston take out atomic number 45 from a piece of platinum ore that he had obtained from South America . Rhodium often occurs with deposits of platinum and is usually obtained from the mining and refining of platinum .
Wollaston was first alert to the possibility of a new element existing in platinum ore by the French chemist Hippolyte - Victor Collet - Descotils , who believe that the red color of some platinum salts was due to the mien of an unidentified alloy . After a series of chemical reactions , Wollaston was able to take out the platinum and atomic number 46 from the sample of Pt ore . He was forget with a sullen red gunpowder — which turned out to be atomic number 11 rhodium chloride , consort toJefferson Lab .
Uses
The principal use for Rh is in catalytic converters designed to clean fomite emissions . atomic number 45 — often together withpalladiumand / orplatinum — accomplishes this by reducing atomic number 7 oxide in exhaust system flatulency . Without rhodium catalysts , the air in our cities would be much uncollectible due to vehicle exhausts .
Since rhodium is quite brilliant and insubordinate to tarnishing , it is used as a finish for jewelry , searchlight and mirrors . It is also debase with platinum for aircraft turbine engines . In the chemical substance diligence , rhodium is used as a catalyst in the devising of nitric acid , acetic superman and hydrogenation reactions , according to theRoyal Society of Chemistry(RSC).Other uses for rhodium are coating optic fibers , crucibles , thermocouple elements and headlight reflectors . Since it has a low-spirited electric resistor and is extremely resistant to corrosion , it is used as an electrical contact stuff as well , according toRSC .
Rhodium is often alloyed with atomic number 78 andiridiumto make an oxidisation - resistant metallic element that can stand against high-pitched temperatures . These admixture are used in furnace windings , playpen bill , phonograph needles , high - temperature thermocouple and resistance wires , electrodes for aircraft flicker plugs , bearings and electric contacts , accord toLenntech .
78 grams of rhodium
Rhodium has no bed biological use and no roll in the hay use for liveliness outgrowth . While some compounds of Rh are carcinogenic , there are almost no reported cases of humans being affected by this element in any manner . This may be because rhodium chemical compound are encountered so seldom . quiz on plants have shown that it is the least toxic member of the platinum radical of metal , according to Lenntech .
Although atomic number 45 is generally considered non - toxic , some of its compounds are toxic and carcinogenic . Naturally occurring rhodium consists of just one stable isotope : Rh-103 .
Who knew?
Mining
Commercial atomic number 45 is generally obtain as a byproduct of copper and nickel refining . In nature , rhodium can occur uncombined or with other platinum minerals . It can be found in river sands in North and South America and in copper - nickel sulphide ore in Ontario , Canada , allot to theRoyal Society of Chemistry .
Due to its infrequency , the little market size of it and the concentrated supply — South Africa alone produces roughly 80 pct of the world ’s rhodium — prices are typically volatile , consort toMining.com . For example , atomic number 45 shortly reached $ 10,025 an ounce just before the 2008 financial crisis hit , but then plunged 90 per centum before the end of the year . In 2017 , the price of rhodium more than double , tot up $ 1,000 an ounce since strike 12 - twelvemonth - lows mid-2016 .
Storing the sun’s energy
Although rhodium seems to have found a square industry niche in clean cable car exhausts , many new research projects are showing that the cherished metal may hold much more potential , particularly in its primary role as a catalyst .
In one such report , Swiss researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute ( PSI ) and the ETH Zurich developed a new chemical substance cognitive process that uses the Lord’s Day ’s thermal energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into in high spirits energy fuel . This chemical substance process involves a Modern material combining ofceriumoxide and small amounts of rhodium as a catalyst . Their discovery is a major step toward the chemical substance storage of solar energy ( which has been a very knavish job for scientists ) . Their new findings are published in the journalEnergy and Environmental Science .
Additional resource
Electron configuration and elemental properties of rhodium.
